Knole
Knole is a country house in England and a former archbishop’s palace that is currently owned by the National Trust. It is located within Knole Park, a 1,000-acre (400-hectare) estate that lies to the south-east of Sevenoaks in west Kent. The existing structure of the house dates back to the mid-15th century, although there were significant expansions in the 16th and particularly in the early 17th centuries. Its Grade I listing signifies its combination of late-medieval to Stuart architectural styles. This is especially evident in its central façade and state rooms. In 2019, a comprehensive conservation initiative titled “Inspired by Knole” was completed to restore and enhance the buildings’ structures. This was beneficial to the preservation of its significant collections. The adjacent deer park has also endured since 1600.
Today, Knole is a well-preserved early Jacobean renovation of a medieval archbishop’s palace. Constructed and expanded by the Archbishops of Canterbury after 1456, it evolved from an even older manor house. During the Tudor period, it became a royal residence when Henry VIII hunted in the area and deemed it a suitable home for his daughter, during his separation from her mother, Catherine of Aragon. Elizabeth I is also reported to have visited the estate. From 1603 onwards, Thomas Sackville transformed Knole into an aristocratic treasure house for the Sackville family, who were notable and influential figures in court circles. The showrooms of Knole were designed to impress guests and showcase the family's wealth and status. Over the span of more than 400 years, his descendants undertook three additional phases of rebuilding and furnishing Knole.
Frances Cranfield, the Countess of Dorset, and Richard Sackville, the 5th Earl of Dorset, were married in 1637. This alliance between the Sackville and Cranfield families played a pivotal role in the restoration of the Sackville fortunes following the Civil War, during which numerous paintings and pieces of furniture at Knole were sold. Furthermore, it ensured that the collection of furniture and paintings gathered by Frances’ father would ultimately be transferred to Knole. The life and career of their son, Charles Sackville, the 6th Earl of Dorset, significantly influenced the Knole we know today. At the close of the 17th century, Charles procured Stuart furniture and textiles from royal palaces due to his position as Lord Chamberlain of the Household to William III.
In spite of such wealth, Charles nearly brought Knole to financial ruin, a predicament that was resolved by his son, Lionel, through a succession of successful public roles, culminating in his elevation to the title of 1st Duke of Dorset in 1720. Lionel’s grandson, John Frederick Sackville, the 3rd Duke of Dorset, was a notable patron of the arts. He acquired European Old Master paintings alongside works by contemporary English artists, thereby establishing a collection of national importance. Many of the pieces he collected are displayed in the showrooms today, including paintings and sculptures he obtained during his Grand Tour of Europe. He also acquired works by Thomas Gainsborough and maintained a close friendship with and patronage of Sir Joshua Reynolds.
The Knole offers a well curated route through the house that highlights many of its stand out features and key items from its textile, furniture and painting collections. Highlights include “the Great Screen” in the main hall with its rich carvings and embellishments. Then there is the reclining statue, “La Baccelli”, by John Baptist Locatelli next to the main staircase. There are numerous guides and volunteers available to answer questions and provide insight into various aspects of the house and grounds. Outside in the park, there are three walks around the estate of varying distance and difficulty. They are rugged and suitably picturesque, affording an opportunity to see the extremely tame park deer. If you have an interest in places of historical interest and country walks, Knole has a great deal to offer. It is also ideally placed, being a short distance from Sevenoaks which offers a wealth of attractions itself.
